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物理学研究论文撰写中的语法要点解析
物理学研究论文撰写时遇到语法问题怎么办？今天小编分享的这篇内容就来解答几个常见疑问，包括可数名词和不可数名词的区分、光谱描述的准确说法、介词搭配的注意事项以及形容词和专有名词的使用规范。掌握这些技巧能让论文写作更加得心应手，有需要的话可以详细了解一下。感兴趣的网友们和小编一起看看吧
有时候，科研作者在选用表示数量的用字上遇到困难。在表示是否有提到离散值时，应该要使用可数名词。可数名词用在可计数的东西上，例如苹果 (apple -apples)、摩尔 (mole -moles) 和原子 (atom -atoms)。举例来说，a reactioneither producesvarious different functional groupsorcauses anincrease in the number of a specific functional group，这里的 functional groups（官能团）是可数名词，因为官能团的数量是可以计数的。
光谱是帮助我们决定材料程序中某些要素的配图或视觉帮助，在不同点有不同的值。例如，红外光谱显示在规定范围内不同的吸收频率，而质谱显示每个质荷比的相对丰度值，但光谱只是一个，就像其他所有的图一样是无法(measure) 的。如果你要参照的是获得光谱的过程，要使用 obtaining、acquiring 或 recording 这类的词。
介词通常会以成对的形式出现在连结表示动作现象的词中。但是，使用彼此不相称的介词可能会改变你想要表达的意思，或是出现语法错误的句子结构。
科研作者经常错误地将单词复数形当成形容词用，或是错误地用在复合形容词中。
例如，The reactantconcentrations were monitored 这句话中的 reactant 被当成形容词来用。形容词是用来叙述名词的，例如 red rose，red 是用来形容 rose 的。
在指常数（如 Avogadro number）、技术名称（如 Raman spectroscopy）还有反应或制图的名称（如 Koutecky–Levich plot）时，基于它们是专有名词，其中的人名应该要大写，但有几个包含 faradaic（如 faradaic current）、coulombic（如 coulombic efficiency）和 ohmic（如 ohmic drop）的名词，它们是从发现这些概念的人名中衍生出来的，就不用大写。
论文写作时态语态选择技巧分享
主动语态-主语为行动的实施方。
被动语态-主语为行动的接收方。
在撰写科学论文时我们会使用各种各样的时态。下面是一些在不同时态下使用主动语态和被动语态的例子：
1.现在时-通常在概论，讨论和结论中使用的时态
Example 1:
Active: Vitamin A increases the risk of hair loss.
Passive: The risk of hair loss is increased by vitamin A.
Example 2:
Active: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industries and vehicleexhausts can induce a series of environmental problems, including photochemicalsmog, broken ozonosphere, and environmental pollution.
Passive: A series of environmental problems, including photochemical smog,broken ozonosphere, and environmental pollution, can be induced by volatileorganic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industries and vehicle exhausts.
2.现在时-通常在目标中使用的时态
Example 1:
Active: In this study, we present our design of an electric hot water tank.
Passive: In this study, a design of an electric hot water tank is presented.
Example 2:
Active: This study develops an efficient methodology to examine a space–timecontinuous dataset for urban irrigation water use.
Passive: An efficient methodology to examine a space–time continuous datasetfor urban irrigation water use is developed in this study.
3.现在完成时-通常在概论，讨论和总结中使用的时态
Example 1:
Active: Previous studies have used comparative analysis of ORF2 sequences toelucidate phylogenetic relationships among different FCV isolates.
Passive: Comparative analysis of ORF2 sequences has been used in previousstudies to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among different FCV isolates.
Example 2:
Active: only a small number of empirical studies have focused on the patternsand mechanisms behind disease clusters at small spatial scales, especially inwild host–pathogen systems [2].
Passive: The patterns and mechanisms behind disease clusters at small spatialscales, especially in wild host–pathogen systems, have been focused on by onlya small number of empirical studies [2].
4.过去时：通常用于材料与方法/结果
Example 1:
Active: We determined the presence of larvae by dip netting.
Passive: The presence of larvae was determined by dip netting.
Example 2:
Active: We evaluated the number of haplotypes (h), haplotypes (Hd), andnucleotides (π) using the DnaSP 5.10 program [3].
Passive: The number of haplotypes (h), haplotypes (Hd), and nucleotides (π) wasevaluated using the DnaSP 5.10 program [3].
Example 3:
Active: We found a strong correlation between above-ground and below-groundbiomass accumulation in Platanus occidentalis.
Passive: A strong correlation was found between above-ground and below-groundbiomass accumulation in Platanus occidentalis.